Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor on lungs; it severely endangers human health and life. According to the latest statistics, in 2015, there were about 733,000 new cases of lung cancer in our country, ranking first in incidence of malignant tumors, the incidence for males is about twice that of females; meanwhile, in 2015, there were about 610,000 death cases of lung cancer, ranking first in death rate of malignant tumors.

Histologically, lung cancer can be divided into non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, among which, the former accounts for above 85%. The non-small cell lung cancer can be divided into lung adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, among which, the lung adenocarcinoma has the highest incidence, about two thirds of that of primary lung cancer. According to the type and stage, the treatment can be divided into four types: surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy.

Presently, crizotinib, erlotinib, icotinib, gefitinib, osimertinib, etc. have been approved by NMPA/FDA. However, the gene variations carried by different patients are different, which makes patients with different sensitivity, toxic and adverse effects for same antineoplastic drugs.

The occurrence of tumors is often accompanied by multiple gene variations and heterogeneity. As more and more driver genes of lung cancer targets have been found, the traditional single detection technology can’t meet the current detection needs. The second generation sequencing technology can realize parallel detection on multiple genes, saving samples compared to traditional detection methods and reaching higher technology sensitivity, to restore tumor mutation in a more real manner.